When is further medical treatment futile?

It's one of the toughest questions patients and their loved ones can discuss with physicians: When is further medical treatment futile? The conversation can become even more difficult if patients or their families disagree with health care providers' recommendations on end-of-life care. Early, clear communication between patients and their care teams, choosing health care agent (Surrogate) to represent patients, by signing a Medical Power of Attorney and Living Will, can help avoid conflicts. "Health care professionals in the United States have struggled with the importance of maintaining patient autonomy while attempting to practice under the guidance of treatments based on…

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